Simple Facts About GSM you must know

A GSM system consists of three subsystems, the radio sub system (RSS), the network and switching subsystem (NSS), and the operation subsystem (OSS).

Network Switching Subsystem:

The NSS is responsible for performing call processing and subscriber related functions. The switching system includes the following functional units:

Home location register (HLR):It is a database used for storage and management of subscriptions. HLR stores permanent data about subscribers, including a subscribers service profile, location information and activity status. When an individual buys a subscription from the PCS provider, he or she is registered in the HLR of that operator.

Visitor location register (VLR):It is a database that contains temporary information about subscribers that is needed by the MSC in order to service visiting subscribers. VLR is always integrated with the MSC. When a MS roams into a new MSC area, the VLR connected to that MSC will request data about the mobile station from the HLR. Later if the mobile station needs to make a call, VLR will be having all the information needed for call setup.

Authentication center (AUC):A unit called the AUC provides authentication and encryption parameters that verify the users identity and ensure the confidentiality of each call.

Equipment identity register (EIR):It is a database that contains information about the identity of mobile equipment that prevents calls from stolen, unauthorized or defective mobile stations.

Mobile switching center (MSC):The MSC performs the telephony switching functions of the system. It controls calls to and from other telephone and data systems.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Check Out The Best Spy Software For Cell Phone In 2018

Picking the best phone spy software can be tricky. There are dozens of excellent phone trackers out there. Fortunately, I'm here to help. I've worked as a private investigator for the past 15+ years. I use phone trackers almost every day. Today, spy apps can be used to track somebody without their knowledge. They're very popular even outside the law enforcement community. Some of the top spy software users are parents. It's a dangerous world out there, and parents want to make sure their kids are safe at all times. Good phone spy software lets you read text messages, track photos, monitor social media, track location data, and even record phone calls. Today's best spy software will record all data online where you - as a concerned parent or spouse - can quietly access it. Some of the spy software on this list can even record ambient noise through the microphone or remotely take a photo using the phone's camera. With that in mind, let's take a loo...
Read more

Hardware Zone Forum hit by security breach and profiles affected

Approximately 685,000 user profiles were affected when the HardwareZone (HWZ) Forum website was hit by a security breach, the site's owner SPH Magazines said in a news release on Tuesday (Feb 20). A suspicious post on Sunday prompted an investigation to ascertain whether a security breach had occurred, the news release said. The probe showed that a senior moderator's account had been compromised by an unidentified hacker, and used to access the user profiles since September 2017. "The hacker used the compromised credentials to impersonate the senior moderator to retrieve user profile data which comprised name, email address and user ID, and possible optional data fields," said SPH Magazines. It added that the database of the online tech portal did not contain NRIC numbers, telephone numbers and addresses as these had been purged in line with the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) guidelines in July 2015. As a matter of precaution, forum users were ...
Read more

How To Protect Your Data From Ransomware

Unless you avoided reading or listening to the news last year (and with everything going on in the world who can blame you), you no doubt heard reports of ransomware attack after ransomware attack occurring in 2017. This type of hacking issue, where cybercriminals break into individual or company systems and hold data for ransom, is rife right now, and according to one report, actually increased almost ten-fold last year. As such, no matter which industry you work in, and whether you’re an entrepreneur, freelancer, contractor, or employee, it’s imperative to keep all your important information safe from prying eyes, and from downtimes as a result of it being held captive. Read on for some steps you can take to avoid a ransomware attack this coming year. Install Security Software and Firewalls First off, one of the simplest things you can do to protect your data is to install top-quality security software on all the devices you use. There are many different products on the market ...
Read more