Simple Facts About GSM you must know

A GSM system consists of three subsystems, the radio sub system (RSS), the network and switching subsystem (NSS), and the operation subsystem (OSS).

Network Switching Subsystem:

The NSS is responsible for performing call processing and subscriber related functions. The switching system includes the following functional units:

Home location register (HLR):It is a database used for storage and management of subscriptions. HLR stores permanent data about subscribers, including a subscribers service profile, location information and activity status. When an individual buys a subscription from the PCS provider, he or she is registered in the HLR of that operator.

Visitor location register (VLR):It is a database that contains temporary information about subscribers that is needed by the MSC in order to service visiting subscribers. VLR is always integrated with the MSC. When a MS roams into a new MSC area, the VLR connected to that MSC will request data about the mobile station from the HLR. Later if the mobile station needs to make a call, VLR will be having all the information needed for call setup.

Authentication center (AUC):A unit called the AUC provides authentication and encryption parameters that verify the users identity and ensure the confidentiality of each call.

Equipment identity register (EIR):It is a database that contains information about the identity of mobile equipment that prevents calls from stolen, unauthorized or defective mobile stations.

Mobile switching center (MSC):The MSC performs the telephony switching functions of the system. It controls calls to and from other telephone and data systems.

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